Constitution of public policies for continuing training for basic education teachers among Latin American Countries
Public policies; Continuing Education, Latin America
This thesis investigates public policies for continuing education for basic education teachers in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Chile and Cuba, from a critical perspective based on historical-dialectical materialism. The research seeks to understand the political, philosophical and epistemological forces that determine and influence teacher education in each context. As a starting point, the historicity and ideological structure of each country are analyzed, considering the configuration of the State and educational reform projects as a reflection of power relations. The hypothesis suggests that public policies for teacher education operate as a field of dispute between neoliberal models and a perspective of comprehensive and emancipatory education based on the epistemology of praxis. The methodology adopted is qualitative and critical, with an emphasis on documentary analysis and bibliographic review, situating educational policies in the context of socioeconomic and cultural contradictions. The research focuses on policies in force between 2016 and 2021, revealing that, while Chile favors a decentralized structure and individual accountability, Brazil demonstrates a tense coexistence between neoliberal influences and pressures for critical and autonomous training. In contrast, the Cuban model stands out for the centrality of the State and the integration of education and work as a social practice. It is concluded that, although there are significant differences, the continuing education policies in the three countries materialize the tensions between teacher emancipation and the restrictions imposed by regulatory and market models, highlighting the need for policies that strengthen teacher training as a practice of resistance and construction of critical consciousness