The governance of children and adolescents in the new capital of Brazil: delinquent, poor, abandoned and disabled children and adolescents (1960 - 1990)
child; adolescent; socio-educational system; juvenile justice service; child and adolescent psychiatry; Brazil
This thesis investigates the political institutional bases of what is here identified as government of the underage in Brasília/DF, between 1960 and 1990. The presented concept is built on the perspective of government used by Foucault towards biopower, biopolitics, and the government of populations applied to the underage category, currently used to define a juvenile person. The juvenile population investigated in this thesis includes children and adolescents judicially classified as abandoned, in "irregular situations", delinquents, as well as physically and mentally handicapped. The government of the underage is analyzed in this work as a set of procedures, strategies, techniques, technologies, institutions, discourse, categories, and practices that integrated the basis of public security, the legal and the clinical fields (especially the psychiatric and psychological ones). I argue that there have been different configurations of the government of underage people in Brazil and, based on this, I demonstrate how the evolution of institutions on the government of the underage occurred in the Distrito Federal. Considering the regional perspective, the case study of Brasília provides an opportunity to analyze the process of emergence of care institutions geared towards young people and, respecting the particularities of each state/city/region, it is possible that Brasília provides an opportunity to reflect on the process of structuring the government of underage in the Brazilian states beyond Rio de Janeiro/São Paulo hub. The research was based on historical perspective and used documental methodology, considering as main sources the judicial proceedings from the collection of the Children"s Court of the Court of Justice of the Distrito Federal (TJDFT, 1960 1990); the collection of audits from the Fundação Nacional do Bem-Estar do Menor (Funabem, 1964-1990), as well as judicial proceedings and medical records of children and adolescents who passed through the socio-educational system and through psychiatric institutions under the determination of the Juvenile Court of Rio de Janeiro and São Paulo.