"The social production of policies for books and reading in Brazil: The case of the National Book and Reading Plan (PNLL)."
Policies; Books; Reading; Socio-history; Culture
Over the past two decades, state actors affiliated with the Ministry of Culture in Brazil have sought, through the National Book and Reading Plan (PNLL), to redefine parameters and objectives of public policies related to the theme. However, they have encountered various obstacles that end up hindering many initiatives, resulting in modest outcomes. Among these obstacles, a notable issue is how these policy modalities have historically structured themselves in the country. They originated from an initially authoritarian design that prioritized content control over reader development. Simultaneously, the framework of economic-industrial development took center stage in the state agenda, cutting across the entirety of other public policy agendas. Therefore, and to invigorate the publishing sector, policies for the acquisition and distribution of books to schools were increasingly favored, but without any corresponding effort or adoption of equivalent initiatives on the reception side. This bias persists to this day, considering that successive governments have been allocating substantial budgetary resources to the acquisition of both educational and non-educational books, while reading indicators in Brazil remain stagnant. Building on this diagnosis, the present research aims to investigate the origin and trajectory of public policies for books and reading in Brazil, as a means of analyzing the challenges faced by a policy like PNLL and its purpose of redirecting actions towards reader formation. For this purpose, a socio-historical approach is used as a reference, understood here as a long-term procedural research, focused on an in-depth analysis of the social relations involved in these policy modalities over time. In this case, the dialectical dynamic between changing circumstances and more stable elements is considered, which resulted in the establishment of institutionalized patterns directing governmental initiatives towards the supply side. Among the highlighted conclusions is the fact that this logic continues to prevail, given the inertia of configurations and power fields involving bureaucracies and sector entrepreneurs, coordinated around the issue. They are now being challenged by the ongoing digital revolution, imposing radical transformations on business models while revolutionizing, on a scale similar to the invention of Gutenberg, reading devices and the ways people read.