The use of data in a disputed field: a framing analysis of media coverage of violent deaths in Brazil (2000 to 2020)
Framing Analysis; Public statistics; Violent deaths; Think Tanks.
This study seeks to investigate the frames adopted in media coverage of violent deaths in Brazil and understand if and how data are mobilized in this coverage. Empirically, we analyze the coverage of the newspaper Folha de São Paulo between the years 2000 and 2020, in a reading based on master frames relevant to the field of public security: the characterization of the perpetrators and victims of lethal violence, on the one hand, and the characterization of the causes and measures to deal with this violence, on the other. When discussing the role of information in the network of public security policies, we approach new forms of social participation in this field, which are close to the model of association offered by the literature on think tanks. We analyzed civil society organizations focused on the intensive production of knowledge, which adopt political advocacy strategies based on the principles of transparency and promotion of social control of public data, create bridges of dialogue between users and producers of criminal statistics and dispute the public agenda and media coverage on public security issues. We observe that this new type of social participation impacts the way the media relates to the issue of violence and finally consolidates the trend outlined in the early 1980s, of qualifying media coverage of public safety, which is now addressed in the national editorials, focusing on texts of an analytical nature, to the detriment of episodic texts and with increasing use of data and statistics to support the analyses. Regarding the frames, we observed that the main changes took place in the ways of characterizing the victims and perpetrators of violence, while the readings on the causes and responses to the phenomenon of violence were less affected by the transformations of the analyzed period.