Conflict Management and Militarization of Schools in Distrito Federal: Is it Time to Call the Police?
School conflict. School violence. Civic-military schools. Militarization of schools. Conflict management.
Schools are spaces of socialization in which conflicts are part of everyday life. Drawing on Georg Simmel’s sociological perspective, this thesis understands conflict as a constitutive element of social relations, which should not be eliminated but managed in order to prevent its transformation into violence. The study engages with research on conflict and school violence and distinguishes between these phenomena, understanding violence as the result of social, institutional, and cultural interactions. I investigate whether the main justification for the implementation of the civic-military model, which involves combating school violence and supporting communities in situations of vulnerability, is confirmed in practice. Using a qualitative, quantitative, and comparative approach, I analyze two public schools located in the northern periphery of the Federal District: one operating under a civic-military management model, implemented in 2019, and another with exclusively pedagogical (civil) management, situated in close proximity to each other. The results indicate that, although both schools face similar conflicts, their management models produce distinct responses. The school with pedagogical management prioritizes internal mediation and the accountability of those involved, whereas the civic-military school tends to adopt strategies of control, exclusion, and the referral of conflicts to external institutions. Militarization does not eliminate school conflicts but rather redefines their forms of management, with significant impacts on social relations and everyday school life.