PATRIARCAL WHITENESS: RACE AND GENDER IN THE NATIONAL CONGRESS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF SPEECHES IN THE LEGISLATIVE PROCESSES OF THE MARIA DA PENHA LAW AND THE RACISM LAW – 1989-2022
Maria da Penha Law; RacismLaw; RaceDispositive; Gender Dispositive; Whiteness; Patriarchy; Legislative ethnography; Patriarchal Whiteness
This thesis contributes to the studies of power relations in the National Congress, regarding race and gender, in addition to proposing a sociological methodology to ethnograph legislative processes in Brazil. Through Michel Foucault's device category, others were articulated, namely, the race device, the gender device and the legal device, to carry out ethnographies of the legislative processes of drafting Maria da Penha Law and Racism Law, using the techniques of discourse analysis and content analysis of both the original laws and the bills to modify them over the years 1989 to 2022. As a result, it was observed that both for the feminist agenda and for the racial agenda, elements of the gender and race device converged referring to the importance of the activism of feminist and black movements in the National Congress; the invocation of "human rights" discourses; the need to use cohesion, coherence and plenty of argumentative reasoning to attack the structures of patriarchy and whiteness; the little consideration of the intersectional aspect in the diverse racial and feminine experiences of victims of domestic violence and racism; and distrust in the justice system to apply laws from a gender and race perspective. In the end, it is proposed to create an analytical category of the device of patriarchal whiteness with the aim of deepening the studies of social relations of race and gender in Brazil, whose elements are the lack of commitment to cohesion and argumentative coherence; adaptive persistence in maintaining a position of power; confidence in the uneven functioning of institutions; the standardization of existences and denial of pluralities; the appropriation of public space as an extension of private space; the discourse of “meritocracy” and the defense of absolute “freedom of expression”.