Access to justice, indigenous peoples and the actions of the Indigenous Movement.
Federal Constitution. Indigenous movement. Organizations. Access to justice. Indigenous rights. Indigenous organizations
The indigenous movement and its grassroots organizations are represented by the Articulation of Indigenous Peoples of Brazil - APIB (Articulação dos Povos Indígenas do Brasil), which is a fundamental organization that has the institutional role of defending the rights of indigenous peoples in Brazil. APIB was created from the union of seven regional indigenous organizations with the mission of defending the rights of indigenous peoples and their territories. Indigenous peoples have undergone a process of struggle to guarantee their positive rights, both nationally and internationally. The Federal Constitution (1988) included a special provision for indigenous peoples, recognizing their social organization, customs, languages, beliefs and traditions, and their original rights over the lands they traditionally occupy, as well as international conventions, which have further advanced to guarantee these rights, especially ILO Convention 169. The research analyzes how the indigenous movement and its organizations have operated to guarantee and defend their rights, since the Brazilian Constituent Assembly to the present day, connecting this evaluation to the importance of promoting indigenous leaders to act in defense of their rights, and the particular role of indigenous women. The research also points out other historical milestones of the indigenous movement, from its conception to the present day, and details national and international legal and normative instruments on indigenous issues.