GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE AGAINST INDIGENOUS WOMEN: the intersectional perspective in public policy formulation
intersectionality; gender violence; indigenous women; public policies.
This dissertation critically analyzes the formulation and implementation of public policies aimed at combating gender-based violence against Indigenous women in Ecuador, through the lens of an intersectional perspective. The research departs from the acknowledgment that Indigenous women occupy a position of heightened vulnerability due to the intersection of multiple oppressive systems, including structural racism, patriarchy, territorial exclusion, and class inequality. Despite normative advancements and the existence of a constitutional framework that recognizes plurinationality and women's rights, state action remains insufficient, as it fails to address the cultural, historical, and social specificities that shape the experiences of Indigenous women. The dissertation is structured into four chapters. The first provides a historical contextualization of Indigenous marginalization, emphasizing the role of colonization and mestizaje in the exclusion of Indigenous peoples. The second chapter examines the participation of Indigenous women in social and political movements, highlighting the invisibilization of their leadership and the discrepancies between their demands and the patriarchal dynamics within their communities. The third chapter explores the context of gender-based violence in Ecuador, drawing on statistical data and official documents to underscore the specific forms of violence faced by Indigenous women. Finally, the fourth chapter discusses intersectionality as a crucial theoretical and practical tool for developing public policies that effectively promote equity and social justice. The dissertation concludes that the absence of an intersectional perspective in public policy perpetuates structural inequalities and violence against Indigenous women. It thus recommends the incorporation of intersectional approaches in the processes of public policy design, implementation, and monitoring, taking into account the multiple dimensions of identity and oppression that shape the lived realities of Indigenous women in Ecuador.