THE RISE OF BOLSONARISM AS A REFLECTION OF THE ESCALATION OF AUTHORITARIANISM IN BRAZIL IN THE SECOND DECADE OF THE 2000’S
Authoritarianism. Fascism. Totalitarianism. Nationalism. Populism. Bolsonarism. Democracy. Anti-politics. Democratic Backsliding.
This thesis aims to characterize Bolsonarism beyond its understanding as a discourse, as a sociological phenomenon, as a phenomenon of public opinion or even as a political ideology, but rather as a movement that comprises an ordered and structured system of ideas, endowed with intentionality, rationality and autonomy, having reached the status of a mass movement and, in this condition, of a typical and genuine manifestation of a new type of authoritarianism, based on the identification of its constitutive elements, namely, its (1) foundations; (2) the factors that led to its rise (catalysts of the movement and unifiers of its followers); and (3) the tactics and practices adopted by its leaders and followers, also demonstrating which social, economic, cultural, legal and political variables and factors and which historical, sociological and anthropological categories: a) maintain an intrinsic relationship with it; and b) played a decisive role in the process of its rise as a reflection of the escalation of authoritarianism in Brazil in the second decade of the 2000s. To this end, the approach used was hypothetical-deductive; the procedural methods were historical, comparative, typological and structuralist; the respective research techniques were bibliographic and documentary, with emphasis on the technique of discursive confrontation; and the perspective of style and textual format was more essayistic than monographic.