THE ALGORITHM OF TRUTH: A CASE STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES ON FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION, DISINFORMATION, AND POWER RELATIONS IN THE DEMOCRATIC CONTEXT
Algorithmic Society, Disinformation, Freedom of Expression, Personal Data, Disciplinary Power, Democracy, Fake News.
The research The Algorithm of Truth examines the impact of digital technologies, particularly algorithms, on freedom of expression and power relations in democratic contexts. Using a qualitative and exploratory approach, it analyzes a 2023 decision by Brazil’s Superior Electoral Court regarding Jair Bolsonaro's misuse of social media and public media during his presidential campaign. The theoretical framework combines Jack Balkin's concept of the “Algorithmic Society” with Michel Foucault's theories on disciplinary and architectural power. The study explores how algorithms, through the mass management of personal data, amplify social polarization, distort information, and reshape political power dynamics, posing critical tensions between freedom of expression and information manipulation. The research identifies three key aspects: i) Epistemic Normativity; ii) Electoral Governmentality and; iii) Algorithmic Dynamics of Factionalism. Additionally, it highlights the role of algorithmic infrastructures in propagating disinformation and creating power imbalances, undermining fundamental rights and compromising democratic quality. The study concludes that algorithms are not mere technical tools but configurators of subjectivities and narratives that redefine power relations in digital environments. This underscores the need for effective regulation to safeguard fundamental rights, especially in vulnerable democratic contexts. Future research is proposed to explore the interactions between technology, democracy, and human rights, addressing the risks associated with the intensive use of personal data and algorithmic governance.