THE PROTECTION OF POLITICAL DISCOURSE FOR DEMOCRATIC CONSOLIDATION AND PRESERVATION OF THE POSSIBILITY OF OFFERING POLITICAL OPPOSITION THROUGH NEGATIVE EXPRESSION ON SOCIAL MEDIA – AN ANALYSIS OF THE JURISPRUDENCE OF THE SUPERIOR ELECTORAL COURT AND THE SUPREME FEDERAL COURT
Democracy. Free speech. Free expression. Political Discourse. Political Propaganda. Negative Propaganda. Electoral Propaganda.
The research aimed to analyze the political dialogues engaged on social networks, framing them as a crucial role in democratic consolidation and the expansion of political understanding, particularly by facilitating citizens' participation in electoral processes and enabling the emergence of future political leaders. This dialogic process of political debate is seen as a way to strengthen democracy through the dissemination of opposition ideas and enabling political alternation with the strengthening of democratic practices. The hypothesis raised suggests that the dialogical perspective of political advertisements, with the potential regulation of negative advertising, not only increases citizen participation but also improves political understanding by fostering enlightened and inclusive debates, reflecting the criteria of an effective democratic process as defined by Robert Dahl. Habermas's conceptualization contributes to this discussion by emphasizing that the quality of democracy depends not only on consensus but also on the existence of space for disagreement and critical debate, which are fundamental for a vibrant and dynamic democracy. Additionally, the research highlights the importance of independent information sources, identified by Dahl as essential for a robust democratic state, which can also be observed in the interactions and iterations manifested on social networks, where citizens can debate and disseminate information. The study analyzes the role of the Electoral Justice in regulating this political content manifested on social networks, to ensure the equity and legitimacy of electoral processes and prevent abuse of power. To achieve its objectives, the research is based on literature review, analysis of applicable legislation, and rulings from the Supreme Federal Court and the Superior Electoral Court.