THE CONSTRUCTION OF THE IDENTITY OF PEOPLE ARRESTED AND INVESTIGATED IN THE NATIONAL GENETIC PROFILES BANK: a criminological-critical analysis of genetic-criminal identification as a technology of biopolitical management and social control
National Genetic Profiles Bank; Genetic Identification; Surveillance; Critical Criminologies; Social Control; Biopolitics.
This research has as its object of analysis the National Bank of Genetic Profiles (BNPG) and the construction of the genetic-criminal identities of convicted and investigated people. Thus, we started from a bibliographic review and a document analysis in order to, with the help of the epistemological basis of critical criminologies and foucauldian categories, observe whether there would be production or amplification of processes of discrimination and stigmatization of people subjected to genetic identification. Therefore, we present a preliminary discussion on identification and its development throughout criminological histories, situating it as a tool for the biopolitical management of bodies and populations, from positivism to actuarialism, as well as observing its function from the analytical point of colonial processes of creation of racial difference. In addition, we deal with the phenomenological factors that link management and surveillance technologies, such as the myth of technical-scientific neutrality, as well as observe how the determinations of the regimes of visibility, transparency, opacity and illegibility act in the instrumentalization of such techniques of social control. With this in mind, we exposed the dynamics that shaped the consolidation of genetic-criminal identification in 1 Brazil through the BNPG, pointing out its constitutional, bioethical, and criminological controversies. Finally, we carried out, through the elements brought by the literature review, the analysis of some documents that make up the regulatory structure of the BNPG, in order to verify how personal identification data are or can be instrumentalized in order to generate violations of fundamental rights and contribute to the dynamics of selectivity in the punitive system.