The relationship between Uncertainty about Economic Policy and the occurrence of Conditional Conservatism in Brazilian Companies
Economic Policy Uncertainty; Conditional Conservatism; Brazilian companies.
The present research addresses the relationship between political uncertainty and conditional conservatism in the accounting of Brazilian companies. The study identified that political uncertainty has the potential to increase information asymmetry between management and other stakeholders, which can incentivize managers to transfer wealth to themselves, diverting attention from value creation for shareholders and generating deadweight loss for the company. In this sense, conservative accounting helps control these asymmetries by reducing managers' ability to overstate cumulative changes in the company's value. Using the Basu model, the research identified the existence of conservatism in the sample companies during the evaluated period, starting in 2010 and ending in the third quarter of 2022. The results showed that the slope coefficient for negative returns was greater than the slope coefficient for positive returns, which is in line with the findings of previous studies. To evaluate the relationship between conservatism and uncertainty about economic policy, a modification was proposed to the Basu model to add variables that synthetically reflect the overall level of uncertainty, the so-called economic policy uncertainty indices. The results indicated an important relationship between the variables, however, it was not possible to describe the direction of this relationship, so the expected behavior, substantiated in the hypothesis of political uncertainty, could not be corroborated by the results.