THE BACKGROUND OF FINANCIAL LITERACY: Empirical analysis of undergraduate students at UnB
Financial Literacy; Determinants; Undergraduate student; Formal, Non-Formal and Informal Learning.
The objective of this work is to analyze which are the determinants (antecedents) of financial literacy in undergraduate students at the University of Brasilia. To achieve this purpose, the empirical-analytical method was used, focusing on three groups of explanatory variables: (i) respondents' profiles and histories, (ii) formal and non-formal learning and (iii) informal learning. 400 responses were collected from the application of a structured electronic questionnaire, consisting of 34 questions. The results of the empirical tests, in relation to group (i), revealed that men, students of engineering and applied social sciences, with a family income above 10 minimum wages, married and whose parents had at least higher education, had a literacy level superior to the others. Regarding group (ii), students who took accounting and finance classes in high school or college, as well as those who prefer the internet and financial planners as a source of knowledge, showed higher levels of literacy. Furthermore, students with a greater preference for traditional media had lower levels of literacy than the others. Regarding the analysis of group (iii), there is no statistically relevant relationship to corroborate the raised hypothesis. In the segmentation by students' proficiency level: those with an advanced level, 30.25% of the sample, had an average score about 1 point higher than the intermediate level, represented by 24.75% of the sample, and 3 points in relation to the level basic, represented by 45% of the respondents. Finally, this work contributes to the literature by filling gaps, pointed out by Goyal and Kumar (2020), in research on financial literacy in non-Western and/or developing countries. In addition, the proposal to analyze the literacy level of individuals considering the sources of knowledge and learning - in addition to meeting the OECD initiative to recognize not only formal learning, but non-formal and informal learning, also allows advancing the discussion of new perspectives for analyzing financial literacy.