Green Tax Efficiency and Sustainable Performance: A Global Analysis
Green Taxes; Environmental Sustainability; Economic Growth.
The growing global concern about climate change and environmental degradation has driven the development of public policies focused on sustainability. Among these, environmental taxation—also known as green taxes—emerges as a key economic policy tool. It aims to discourage polluting activities and promote environmentally friendly practices by internalizing the costs of environmental externalities. However, the effectiveness of such policies remains under debate, particularly regarding their impact on economic growth and sustainable performance. The efficiency of green taxes varies depending on a country's level of development, environmental governance, and fiscal structure. Developed countries like Germany and Sweden are better positioned to implement these policies, while developing nations such as Brazil, India, and China face significant challenges. Therefore, this study seeks to assess whether green taxes effectively reduce carbon emissions without hindering economic growth. The main objective is to evaluate the efficiency of green taxes as a tool to foster environmental sustainability. Specifically, it aims to analyze the correlation between green taxes and environmental indicators (such as CO₂ emissions and renewable energy consumption), compare the economic and environmental performance of countries with different green tax policies, and identify best practices in sustainable taxation.