Determinants of Central Bank Size
central banks. balance sheet. macroeconomic variables. financial independence. monetary policy.
This study investigates the evolution of central bank balance sheet sizes and their interactions with key macroeconomic variables— such as Gross Domestic Product, inflation, interest rates, exchange rates and financial independence—over the period from 2010 to 2023. The primary objective is to identify the determinants that influence the scale of central bank balance sheets. The research highlights the relevance of central bank balance sheets in the implementation of monetary policy, particularly in response to financial crises, where the use of unconventional monetary policies becomes more prominent. By examining data from 146 central banks worldwide, this study addresses a gap in the literature by analyzing the combined effects of multiple economic and institutional variables on the structure of central bank balance sheets. The methodological approach involves an unbalanced panel data regression model, to identify the relationships between balance sheet size and economic indicators, while also accounting for financial crises and levels of institutional independence. The specific aims include assessing balance sheet growth, determining the most influential factors, and understanding how these changes relate to financial sustainability and macroeconomic stability. The findings contribute to the literature by providing a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics shaping central bank balance sheets, offering practical insights for monetary policymakers and financial analysts, and laying the groundwork for future research.