Comparative analysis of the translations of culture-specific items (CSIs) in the K-Drama Reply 1988 (2016)
Translation Studies; audiovisual translation; culture-specific items; subtitling; fansubbing; K-dramas.
The dissemination of K-dramas in Brazil has historically been linked to fansubbing. Their growing popularity over the past decade has led many audiovisual companies, particularly streaming platforms, to invest in translating the South Korean TV dramas into Portuguese. This study focuses on subtitling aspects related to expressions that are closely associated with the Korean culture and unfamiliar to the Brazilian culture with an emphasis on the subtitling of the K-drama Reply 1988 (2016) to Portuguese. The aim of the research was to compare the translation techniques adopted in professional and amateur subtitling, identifying tendencies toward the conservation or substitution of CSIs present in the first two episodes of the K-drama Reply 1988 (2016). The theoretical and methodological framework for defining and delimiting tendencies toward conservation and substitution is based on Aixelá (1996), who defines such culturally bound expressions as Culture-Specific Items (CSIs), and on Espindola (2005) for the thematic categorization of these expressions. The study is predominantly qualitative, supported by quantitative data. A total of 686 occurrences of CSIs were analyzed. The quantitative results indicated that both, fan subtitling and professional subtitling, showed a tendency toward the conservation of CSIs, albeit to different degrees. Fan subtitling, represented by the Viki platform, conserved 71.87% of the occurrences, whereas professional subtitling, represented by Netflix, conserved 53.06%. The qualitative analysis revealed that strategies, such as extratextual gloss, were employed exclusively in fan subtitling and were not identified in professional subtitling. This finding suggests that although professional subtitling has shown similarities compared to amateur subtitling, especially in regard to the conservation of CSIs, it still shows resistance to adopting translation strategies typically associated with fansubbing practices. Furthermore, the results by thematic category demonstrated that, in the translation of expressions related to cuisine and to dialectal expressions, interjections, and insults, substitution was the predominant strategy adopted. We concluded that the tendency toward the conservation or substitution of CSIs is not related solely to the nature of the translation, whether fan or professional, but also to platform conventions, the target audience, and the thematic category of the CSIs analyzed.