DECOLONIAL TRANSLATION: the visual dialect strategy for the representation of linguistic diversity
decolonial translation; linguistic diversity; audiovisual translation; decolonization; visual dialect.
This dissertation aims to reflect upon the translation of linguistic diversity in the documentary film Catadores de História (2015), directed by Tânia Quaresma, and to propose a new translation for Latin American Spanish subtitling. Inscribed in the decolonial translation proposal (PRICE, 2015; MIGNOLO; SCHIWY, 2007), subtitles are seen as a political tool, and the objective is to maintain the discursive marks of the speech community of recyclable material collectors. The activist character of the film–to enhance the voice of a socially marginalized community–is taken into consideration and the speeches of the collectors and their orality marks are taken as an important role in the activist proposal of the documentary. The dissertation starts with a reflection on the intrinsic role of language in the process of modernity/coloniality (MIGNOLO, 2015), and then it discusses the tensions and concessions of language as an instrument in power systems. The modern/colonial world arises from complex articulations, from inventions and structuring violence, from told stories and stories made invisible for the benefit of one history, of erased and silenced voices. Domination implies a struggle for interpretation. In translation, competing visions of worlds are placed in relation, for many times, translators have played a deliberative role that contributes to the maintenance of this status quo. Decolonial methodologies for translation can offer a counter-narrative to this condition (PRICE, 2015). Translators and subtitlers, concerned with the political responsibility of the act of translation and the political function of language, have been engaging and using translation as a powerful tool in the creation of new cultural dynamics. The field of Audiovisual Translation (AVT) studies, particularly subtitling, has been experimenting with paradigms that increasingly comprise sociocultural issues. This is faced with concerns that go beyond the textual aspects. Adherence to the standard norm and neutral Spanish proves to be an inefficient strategy for the translation of certain texts (SANTIAGO VIGATA; MATA, 2019). The methodological part of this work relies on linguistic occurrences to gather patterns that served as a comparable corpus for translation. To this end, 180 minutes of documentaries of the same genre were gathered, with narratives of the subjects in question, to cover the five Latin American dialect regions (MORENO; OTERO, 2016). To indicate the presence of the speech community of collectors of recyclable materials, the visual dialect strategy was used. This comprises the manipulation of orthographic resources–such as conventional typographic symbols–, to represent characteristics of the oral language. Thus, a new translation strategy for subtitling is presented, to give visibility to the community of collectors. The results are subtitles with traces of orality from this speech community.