Tariffs, Inflation, and Monetary Policy: Evidence from an Open-Economy New Keynesian Model with Armington for Brazil
Macroeconomics, Monetary Policy, Tariffs
This study examines how tariff shocks affect inflation, the output gap, and monetary policy in Brazil using an open-economy New Keynesian model with Armington aggregation and Calvo price rigidity. The framework distinguishes between domestic and imported goods, explicitly constructs the CPI, and incorporates stochastic shocks alongside alternative monetary policy regimes — including a standard Taylor rule and a look-through scenario that anchors domestic PPI. Using a calibration tailored to the Brazilian economy, the analysis compares the dynamic effects of tariffs under each regime and evaluates the extent to which monetary policy should, or should not, respond immediately to externally driven price increases.